Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey - 2311 Words

Odysseus plan worked; however, he later discovers a prophecy indicating that Troy s walls would never fall without the help of Philoctetes s magical bow – a weapon that once belonged to Hercules. As the play opens, Odysseus has therefore returned to the island – along with Neoptolemus – in order to retrieve the bow. This plan would allow Odysseus to leave Philoctetes in his exile while still getting what he wanted. However, Neoptolemus views Odysseus plan as simple treachery and reveals all to Philoctetes. Upon discovering his old enemy s new need for his bow and his plans to wrest it from him, Philoctetes flies into a rage, swearing never to help Odysseus even though a cure for his foot also awaits him at Troy. Until this point, the play s focus had rested firmly upon Odysseus Machiavellian scheming and upon his villainy. But after Neoptolemus s revelations, the main obstacle preventing Philoctetes from returning to Troy and to his health is no longer Odysseu s but Philoctetes himself. His stubbornness and his pride prevent him from abandoning old grievances, and it is his obstinance that now becomes the focus of The Cure at Troy. In fact, Philoctetes continues to rage throughout the latter half of the play, only ceasing when, finally, Hercules steps out of the Chorus and urges him to: Go, Philoctetes , with this boy, Go and be cured and capture Troy. Asclepius will make you whole. Relieve your body and your soul. Go, with your bow. Conclude theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1202 Words   |  5 Pagescoping with the idea of losing his father and letting others to rule Ithaca. It is noticeable from the beginning of The Odyssey, written by Homer that Telemachus finds himself in a complicated situation where his life is seen to be in danger. He is a character of being distance from people. The idea of Telemachus becoming his own father, threatens suitor’s control in Ithaca. Homer describes Telemachus as a teenager who has not found himself and is on a mission to become an adult as his father. TelemachusRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1095 Words   |  5 Pagesused in Homer’s Odyssey is the digression. The digression is departure from the main storyline that does not alter the action of the story, but adds a layer of sentimental content to the plot which usually helps underscore themes central to the story. The digressions in the Odyssey are meticu lously written with great attention to detail just like the rest of the epic, and they truly help readers grasp the important aspects of the story. The liberal use of digression in the Odyssey helps build a vividRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer2018 Words   |  9 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is more light in tone than the Iliad, of the same author: The good wins while the evil is punished. Even though the gods are still strict, the relationship between Odysseus and Athena is a more sincere and equal a relationship than between God and Man in the Iliad. Odysseus is distinguished not only by his bravery, but largely by his intellect and cunning. He is the type of resourceful man whom never gives up, thinks of the causes, is reverent and never gives in. The Odyssey isRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, By Homer915 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Odyssey, the hero, Odysseus is portrayed in two different and contradicting lights: the wise hero and the capricious leade r blinded by his own pride. The epic writer, Homer, embodies the theme of hubris throughout Odysseus’ journey home. The idea of hubris, a trait of excessive pride, significantly develops personalities of characters within The Odyssey, and Homer ultimately creates a statement about excessive pride. The dual portrayal of Odysseus leads the reader to ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The word â€Å"Family†, according to Merriam Webster, is thought to be a group of people brought together by common affiliation. The same cannot be said for the culture in the Odyssey by Homer. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is trying to get back home from fighting in the Trojan War. He has been away from home for almost 20 years longing to just be reunited with his kinfolk. Along the way, he comes across many obstacles that hinders him from reaching his home and family in in Ithaca. Luckily, the memoriesRead MoreAnalysis Of Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey2253 Words   |  10 Pagesand Midwifery Council, 2006). The literature surrounding the subject of mentorship is vast and fails to provide a single definition, however the terms used are often similar. Colley (2000) writes that the word mentor originated in Homer’s poem ‘Odyssey’ in which the character oversees the development of Telemachus. Usually mentoring describes the process of an experienced team member using their skills and knowledge to educate and develop a junior or less skilled co-worker (Chartered Institute ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1483 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in The Odyssey Violence in Literature can take any form, whether it be natural disaster like and earthquake or a human based disaster like war (Campbell). In Homer’s The Odyssey both types are found†¦ whether it’s Odysseus’s hardships like making it home or dealing with the wrath of the god Poseidon. Every violent scene has its own reasons, some are more reasonable than others. For instance, the gods were angered by the disobedience of the mortals, this is more reasonable than the killingRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 795 Words   |  4 Pages Odysseus Epic Hero In the Epic, â€Å"The Odyssey, spoken by Homer, conveys a heroic tale of an epic hero named, Odysseus, who faces many challenges as he sails to get home. One of the tasks Odysseus faces is, The Sirens, who challenge Odysseus s will power. Another challenge Odysseus encounters is, â€Å"The Cyclops, who torments and slaughters some of Odysseus s men due to his curiosity. One of the hardest threats he had to confront was, â€Å"The Land ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 PagesGreek society, Homer’s The Odyssey provides a detailed insight into the values of this intricate culture. In particular, this epic discusses the ways in which the deathless gods influence the fates of the mortals. The overall impact of the gods’ power is the mental straining that emerges from the unrelenting conflict of man versus immortal. Likewise, the actions and misfortunes of others also catalyze this extremely significant and powerful mental battle. Homerâ€⠄¢s The Odyssey reveals the values of ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1128 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey shows a lot of different stereotypes for women throughout the book, taking action to get what they want. Odysseus is trying to get back home after ten long years since the fall of troy, and his son is going out to find him. Throughout the book Odysseus meets lots of woman who vary in personality. He meets woman with the stereotypes: â€Å"mantis†- dominant, eats its mate, destroys to gain power, feared by many. â€Å"Damsel in distress†- persecuted maiden, woman placed in a dire predicament requires

Organizational Structure of DNT-Free-Samples-myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1.Demonstrate an understanding of the Organizational Structure and Behavior? 2.Critically analyses and evaluate the HR practice in Contemporary work situations. Answers: Introduction In this paper there is a fictional organization named as the DNT organization. Given the current downturn in the DNT, it is not shocking that there has been a much verbal confrontation about the basic part which key partners, for example, colleges also; businesses can play in tackling the testing issue of graduate work. The motivation behind this is to examine graduate enlistment and advancement against the scenery of a weaker financial condition. All the more particularly trying to investigate the issues confronted by managers inside a few key segments regarding drawing in, what's more, creating graduates with significant aptitudes and abilities. Exploration expands upon prior work done by the present creators, which explored the procedures bosses use to pull in and hold graduates. It ought to be noticed that the past investigation specified was led during a period of relative monetary flourishing. The Organizational structure According to Marching ton and Kynighou (2012), the organizational structure shows how the activities are working towards the achievement of organizational goals and aims. These activities involve allocation, coordination, and supervision etc. Organizational structure identifies the hierarchy of the authorities within the organization. It also segregates the job their functions and the reporting relationships. Reporting relationship includes, where one have to report. This will enable individuals to work as a team or in a group, in order to accomplish all the predetermined goals (Marching ton and Kynighou, 2012). This definition is having is negatives or drawbacks as well, it does not show how and in which sequences authority has been divided or delegated. In short, the clear definition of the work is not discussed in this definition. These following concepts are relevant and sufficient, in the case study these factors affected the organization DNT and implemented over there. Factors affecting the organizational structure According to Glover and Butler (2012), organizational structure is affected by many factors which influence the performance of the organization. Although many factors are there which influences the organizational structure but five main are as follows: Levels - levels of business is also an important factor in the decision of organizational structure. This will depend on the authorities available in the organization. In the DNT industries, their different levels, top, the middle and the lower level and the functional organizational structure is followed. Centralization and decentralization- this is also an important a factor of the organization having the centralized authority or decentralize authority will decide the type of organizational structure. The span of control- in DNT industries the whole span of control is divided in the different function and their functional heads are having the span of control. Division of labor- on which basis labor has been divided will also be a factor in order to decide the type of organizational structure should be followed. In the DNT industries division of labor is done on the basis of the specialized areas like HR, operations, and accounting etc. Type and analysis of organizational structure at DNT industries According to Tikkamki and Hilden (2014), although there are three types of organizational structure which are discussed as follows. In the DNT industry functional structure is followed by the organization. The Functional organizational structure According to Kaliannan and Adjovu (2015), functional organizational segregates the business into many small parts according to specialization like human resources, marketing, accounting, financial. The functional organizational structure is being followed by DNT industries and in this structure. At DNT industries, there are different departments and the authorities according to the specialization. Authority flow to the downward direction, senior to subordinate in DNT industries. At DNT industries, the headed authority is managing director and followed by DPOD and HR. Analysis of the functional organizational structure at DNT Strengths- functional organizational structure is having many benefits, which may lead to the success of the organization these benefits are as follows. Specialization- According to Islam (2012), the functional structure as earlier discussed divides the organization into specialized parts, so it will create a specialization in the organization. Specialization will be beneficial for the organization. When a company is of the functional organizational structure, a group of people having similar skills and the knowledge has been created. Reduces costs- as specialization is there, there are fewer chances of wastage of resources. As everyone is having specialization in their area, it will be helpful for the saving the costs by reducing the wastage and fuller utilization of resources. Productivity- specialization of work will tend to improve in productivity of resources. The expertise of work will enhance the efficiency of the work because expert reduces the chances of mistakes in their work. Time-saving- as workers are having the knowledge regarding their performed work and tasks; it will lead to the time-saving process in the organization. Weaknesses- functional organizational structure is having its weak side as well. These weaknesses are as follows: Management issues- There is a rigid communication network in functional organizational structures. This is all because of the high degree formalization, formalities and standardized ways of operation. Formalization makes the process slower. Coordination- even in functional structure, all the functions performs with the greater efficiency but at some point, their coordination also gets compromised. When the coordination is not there among the groups then it will be difficult for them to work with each other. The occurrence of these miscommunications and the obstacles may cause reduced commitment, delays, wasted time and competing interests in the organization. Matrix organizational structure In this organizational structure, reporting relationships are setup in a sort of grid instead of the traditional method, in this structure, there is more than one authority that one has to report. The matrix form of relationship is there in this organizational structure. Divisional organizational structure- This will group the organization into the small division. In this structure, groups are clustered according to some similarities of products, geographical area and group or clients etc. Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is basically a study, in which the behavior of group and individuals within the organization is being observed. This is eventually the study which predicts or observes how an individual behaves and performs in groups. It is a scientific approach and simultaneously applied to the management. Theoretical concepts of organizational behavior According to Tikkamki and Hilden (2014), organizational behavior basically depends upon the behavior of individuals; personality differentiates individuals with each other. Differentiation of personality is done on two basic approaches, which are as following: NOMOTHETIC- This approach is specific and the measurable, which basically looks at the identification of characteristics, personality, and traits. These characteristics can be described and measured therefore it can be subjected to tests and observations. This approach is having its two sub parts: The Big Five (Ocean) - the word OCEAN is defined by the word cluster or the trait cluster. This trait cluster captures the main personality traits Openness- Openness basically indicates the intellectual curiosity, the innovation which a variety of person has. It can also be defined as a person is independent and have varieties of work over a fixed routine. As in DNT new Ella was offering something innovative and new to the organization. Conscientiousness- this is the trait in which in this individual depends upon their own and shows their self- discipline as in DNT industries Ahmed was showing. Extroversion- this trait includes energy, assertiveness, positive emotions, sociability and the talkativeness, as the Cries have in the DNT industries. Agreeableness- this is having the traits of being friendly, challenging and the detached individual as Ella in DNT industries. Neuroticism- an individual who is sensitive, confident and nervous as well comes under this situation. Hans Essence- in this approach, there are two dimensions which ultimately defines four personalities. Which are as follows: stable extroverts, stable introverts and unstable extroverts, unstable introverts. Idiographic approach- is having a perspective which is holistic and dynamic and insists that managers understand the whole understanding of the work of the individual. Myers-Briggs this includes feel sensing, thinking, feeling and intuition, judging, perceiving and extrovert etc. The importance of CSR in the organization - CSR plays a vital role in the continuous and smooth functioning of every organization. This includes ethical responsibility and customer Relationship. CSR is having the following benefits: Motivated Employees- According to Lewis and Ibarras (2013), the most valued asset of any organization is employees of that organization. Treating employees and workers with respect and offering fair and good working conditions motivate the employees by CSR. It also establishes fair hiring practices in the workplace. This improves and enhances the morale at the workplaces and encourages teams to work in a coordinated manner. In DNT industry employees are also getting motivation from the nature and behavior of ELLA. Profitability and Value- According to Marchington (2016), a CSR methodology improves association efficiency and regard. The innovation of imperativeness efficiencies and waste reusing cuts operational costs and focal points nature. CSR in like manner assembles association obligation and its straightforwardness with hypothesis agents and the media, speculators and neighborhood gatherings. This, along these lines, overhauls its reputation among money related authorities, for instance, shared resources that arrange CSR into their stock decision. The result is an optimistic circle where the association's stock regard additions and its passageway to the hypothesis capital are encouraged Showing a True Commitment - According to Callahan and Connor (2015), the best corporate social commitment programs organize these two sorts of CSR together to exhibit a bona fide duty with respect to reason. For example, an association that usages doable materials in their things give fiscal resources for biological causes, and empowers agents to take paid time off for volunteering at normal philanthropies would be showing a certified duty with respect to the condition that goes past any single CSR movement. Social Media Visibility- According to Martens and Wilson (2012), there are many reasons and one of them is that associations should have the perceptible CSR campaign is a direct result of the criticalness and normality of web based systems administration. Organizations that need to secure their picture appreciate that online long range informal communication is an important bit of open acknowledgment. Right, when an association hones social obligation through raising help or setting up labor giving ventures, using web based systems administration to lift these exercises makes a constructive stamping condition and it is an exceptional way to deal with attracting with your get-together of individuals on a more significant level that goes past your things or organizations. Contemporary HR. practices Contemporary Hr. practices are used in order to manage and sustain the employees in the organization. Employee management is necessary in every organization, this management of employees are personnel is continued from earlier times. This management help in order to maintain the important assets of the business. The Relationship of HRM to the traditional practice of industrial relations and personnel management According to Dunn (2015), the world is changing altogether and is by and by adding up to change. The incomprehensible things of yesterdays have ended up being possible today and the unimaginable things of today will wind up evidently possible tomorrow that is the reason it is said that change is the principle unending piece of nature to (Dunn, 2015). Traditionally old strategies have been used in order to recruit employees and to retain them in the organization. In contemporary time the personnel management term is used for the hr practices with some new and updated amendments. Hr practices are used in order to develop the skills of individuals and to motivate them. The possibility of autonomous nations is losing noteworthiness and the possibility of 'overall town' is creating. The organization of affiliations will without a doubt adjust up to the radical change by developing new strategies and practices in overall perspective after meticulously separating the honest to goodness trou bles being gone up against by the master overseers. Because of the predictable developing money related, imaginative and political conditions and flow chiefs as behavioral/operational scientists in the affiliation go over the going with challenges: Trial of globalization, Trial of information age, Acid test change, Trial of administering the workforce grouped assortment, Reinforcing of workers, Progression of persevering states of mind and culture, Corporate redoing. According to Park and Shaw (2013), any affiliation limits with a steady participation of three vital components of money, machines and close by a couple of other bury related and dependent factors that are influential. Human resource management is basically the extended version of personnel management. As traditionally the personnel management was working in the direction of managing people in the organization, HRM extension includes the development, maintaining strength and managing people in the organization. The mana ger is the individual who altogether considers the effects of an action general or generous bit of the whole system before making the move, i.e. considers the situation behind the scene before making any move ( Park and Shaw, 2013). Effects may make sure or negative, so a cash sparing preferred standpoint examination is made before a move is used and moreover an appraisal that how far a particular masterminding has been feasible is considered. Thusly, it creates as a whole course of action of working. As the organization of the money with most extraordinary versatility and quality is basic in the working and improvement of any relationship close by the best help and operation of machines, it is fundamentally more basic to deal with the tolerable assortment and dynamism of the man at fill in as they are the benefits for any relationship to bloom, fabricate and impact. In addition, completed the years as far back as the unmistakable evidence of the striking piece of 'man as a benefit' of relationship, in organization there have been a couple of practices that were used, passed on and changed under the terms via work constraint organization, mechanical relations, and the latest being utilized is human resource headway and extensively more exhaustive angle goes under the title of human resource organization. Workforce MANAGEMENT (PM) is more so a customary kind of organization, where the boss was the person who dealt with, assigned and parcelled the work. An organization associated the norms for finishing things all around paying little personality to the kind of affiliation and condition included. PM has an obliged expansion and changed the presentation. The models, laws, and techniques of working were sketched out by the organization, the wellspring pioneer of the association and the errand of the Personnel chiefs joins the activity of obtaining new agents and to keep up staff records, and to administer the work as a crucial device whose lead could be controlled for the upside of the affiliation and supplanted when depleted. PM practice was to make sure a monotonous checking by the boss, of the work done by the delegates in light of an honest to goodness worry for the relationship with an exchange, the division of work, roundabout and plunging correspondence and working under clear standards norms and conventions of the affiliation. Regardless, later asks about the show that there may be a couple of events where certain guidelines are used as a piece of all conditions by and large novel treatment is required in different cases in the wake of analyzing the diverse situational factors intentionally as the behavioral conditions are alt ogether more befuddled nowadays. Additionally, this was the methods by which HRM, Human Resource Management showed up. Taught individuals perceived that the man at work is the advantage of any affiliation and is dynamic in the way of considering and furthermore working, in this way his individual identity should be held. Besides, this passed on a conclusion to the PM approach that had a comprehensive perspective in overseeing labors.This approach can be adequately appreciated by differentiating it and the traditional organization approach where boss achieved something and a short time later finished it through people according to his orders and under his strict control and supervision without taking experts into conviction just to satisfy his driving forces. According to Jensen and Meckling (1992), the human resource organization approach, of course, is developmental and facilitative. It empowers people to create and support them in making restriction, obligations and diverse limits in them to make a climate where all can add to the relationship to the uttermost ranges of their upgraded limits. It will achieve specialist ampleness. People will get work satisfaction by making all the more full use of their abilities and this is decidedly required for the quick and convincing achievement of various leveled objective. In like boss part under HRM approach changes. He doesn't control the agents to finish the work rather support them to create to their full limits. In this way, the front line boss is required to give a conventional definitive climate wherein people can create and be beneficial. HR practice in contemporary work situations According to Park and Shaw (2013), new challenges come up with the new or contemporary business environment, these challenges affect many important parts or segments of management. These important parts include Human resources management. These issues are concerned about the legislation, diverse work forces, and technology etc. Managers who are facing this kind of challenges and practices use their expertise and the skills in order to avert these issues and challenges (Park and Shaw, 2013). According to Glover Butler (2012), the Hr practices in the contemporary situation may cause to the employee motivation and the development of employees, training, and development, rewarding of the employee. HR practices cause to the increase and improvement in the employee performance and the increased productivity. These definitions of the relationships between Hr. practices in contemporary situations are having both negative and the positive perspective. Both the authors have defined their own perspective towards Hr. practices but both define the same thing in different ways with some expansion. These are the following issues and challenges faced by the Hr. practices in the contemporary work situation, Multi-Generational challenges in the workplace, legislation affecting the workplace, technological advances at workplace etc Structured organization and business - According to Ramo and Prochaska (2012), case change (HR influence opportunity 39%). From Berlin: Building a business case requires a sensible cognizance of the business or associations that HR serves, and also the working relationship with all business pioneers. HR can achieve both by incorporating business pioneers in the organizing strategies and organization (Ramo and Prochaska, 2012). This commitment in like manner ensures the business course of action and, in light of that game plan, the business buys in and reinforce." Creating pushed workforce masterminding capacities (HR influence opportunity 28%). From Bersin: "High-influence HR affiliations combine progressed gauging and workforce examination concerning their techniques. This engages them to decode broad capacity, business data, and external workforce area data into workable encounters that they can use and offer with business pioneers." Executing the "right" HR strategies for knowledge (HR influence opportunity 27%). From Bersin: "High-influence HR affiliations tend to submit themselves to making working environments that enable delegates to prosper both as individuals and as supporters of business accomplishment. According to Chambers and Trippel (2012), they attempt to make positive laborer circumstances and unmistakably pass on these yearnings in the HR rationale and mission. The best techniques for knowledge focus on empowering improvement and joint exertion, or making the best workplace, while the smallest reasonable rationalities focus scarcely on capability or cost-cutting attempts." Decreasing administrative work for HR business associates (HR influence opportunity 25%). From Bersin: "Various HR limits have a section that is a contact between the HR limit and business pioneers. The specifics of this part move for the most part. High-influence HR affiliations use it to provoke senior business pioneers, focusing on decision help, workforce masterminding, activity change and authority teaching. By selecting the right individual, HR can improve its trustworthiness over the wander, upgrade working relationship with business pioneers, create regular cognizance and get the effect. Exactly when this part is executed insufficiently, with more focus on administrative commitments and taking solicitations, our examination found that it can truly diminish an HR's ability to work feasible and capable. Conclusion From this study, it has been concluded that in order to decide the organizational structure many factors are considered. Organizational structure decides the flow of communication in the organization. The organization structure is a part of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior predicts the behavior of humans in groups, how they behave in groups. This organizational behavior has its own theories. In DNT functional organizational structure is being followed. This structure is having its weaknesses and the strengths both the perspective. In this structure there is the downward flow of communication is used, authority is delegated to subordinates from the superior. In DNT organizational while working in groups the personalities of individuals and their traits have been collected from the study. Ella is having the extrovert Nature and Ahmed is of introvert nature and many other traits of them have been noted in this study. In DNT organization, CSR is playing an important role in order to motivate people, increase productivity and to increase customer satisfaction etc. in order to change the business environment, one has to deal with the challenges and issues and some actions should be taken in order to overcome these consequences. These consequences are the reward of taking the risk to change. Recommendations It has been seen from the present examination that HR rephrases are given due thought the entire unit under study as their mean scores were seen to be better than expected. This is a solid sign. Of the common HR Practices which got a great reaction from the respondents were HR Planning, Recruitment, and Selection, Enlistment, Training and Development, Fringe Benefits, Welfare Activities according to Statutory Requirements, Suggestion Schemes, SHE (Safety, Health, and Environment) strategy and Promotions and Transfers. In the event that these practices proceed and upgraded keeping in pace with the changing worldwide human resources condition, some better Conclusions and Recommendations results could be unmistakably found in this industry. In any case, there have been some basic territories of perception, which are a piece of HR Practices and are essential from the HRM point of view. These ranges are Career Planning, Reward, and Acknowledgment, and Welfare Activities past Statutory Req uirements, Performance Examination, and Exit Policy. References Baugh, J.A., 2017. To Recruitment. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, p.12. Callahan, J.L., and Connor, G., 2015. 21. The competing interests of paradigm and praxis in critical HRD research: incorporating quantitative methods to enact critical practice. Handbook of research methods in human resource development, p.311. Ceylan, C., 2013. Commitment-based HR practices, different types of innovation activities and firm innovation performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(1), pp.208-226. Chambers, R.C. and Trippel, E. eds., 2012. Early life history and recruitment in fish populations (Vol. 21). Springer Science Business Media. Dunn, W.N., 2015. Public policy analysis. Routledge. Zehra A., Burma., 2014. Human Resource Management and Its Importance for Todays Organizations, International Journal of Education and Social Science (vol.1 no. 2), Fincham, R. and Rhodes, P., 2005. Principles of organizational behavior. OUP Catalogue. Glover, L. and Butler, P., 2012. High?performance work systems, partnership and the working lives of HR professionals. Human Resource Management Journal, 22(2), pp.199-215. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D.A., 2010. Organizational behavior. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Islam, G., 2012. Recognition, reification, and practices of forgetting: Ethical implications of human resource management. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(1), pp.37-48. Jensen, M.C. and Meckling, W.H., 1992. Specific and general knowledge and organizational structure. Kaliannan, M. and Adjovu, S.N., 2015. Effective employee engagement and organizational success: a case study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, pp.161-168. Lee, R. and Lawrence, P., 2013. Organizational Behavior (RLE: Organizations): Politics at Work (Vol. 18). Routledge. Lewis, R. and Zibarras, L. eds., 2013. Work and occupational psychology: integrating theory and practice. Sage. Marchington, M. and Kynighou, A., 2012. The dynamics of employee involvement and participation during turbulent times. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(16), pp.3336-3354. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., and Kynighou, A., 2016. Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Marescaux, E., De Winne, S. and Sels, L., 2013. HR practices and affective organizational commitment:(when) does HR differentiation pay off?. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(4), pp.329-345. Mertens, D.M. and Wilson, A.T., 2012. Program evaluation theory and practice: A comprehensive guide. Guilford Press. Ouchi, W.G., 1977. The relationship between organizational structure and organizational control. Administrative science quarterly, pp.95-113. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: a meta-analysis. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: a meta-analysis. Ramo, D.E. and Prochaska, J.J., 2012. Broad reach and targeted recruitment using Facebook for an online survey of young adult substance use. Journal of medical Internet research, 14(1). Robbins, S.P., Judge, T. and Campbell, T.T., 2010. Organizational behavior. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Tikkamki, K. and Hilden, S., 2014. Making work and learning more visible by reflective practice. Research in post-compulsory education, 19(3), pp.287-301. Tikkamki, K. and Hilden, S., 2014. Making work and learning more visible by reflective practice. Research in post-compulsory education, 19(3), pp.287-301. Zhu, C.J., Zhang, M. and Shen, J., 2012. Paternalistic and transactional HRM: the nature and transformation of HRM in contemporary China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(19), pp.3964-3982.

Ecuadorin Crisis Essays - United Nations, International Relations

Ecuadorin Crisis Latin American Politics Un Crisis Ecuatoriano The Ecuadorian economy has undergone a profound change since it first splashed into the world market. It has enjoyed eras of unprecedented prosperity based on exports. It's initial 2 periods of growth being characterized by a rush of cocoa production early this century and an explosion of bananas in the 1950's. However, the largest and most influential boom was caused by the skyrocketing price of oil during the 1970's. This period clearly benefited elites, and even helped the masses in some ways. Between 1960 and 1980 more than 10 years were added to Ecuadorian life expectancy, death and infant mortality rates dropped by 40 percent, and by 1980 virtually all children attended primary school (Moser, 1993:177). However, Ecuador has gradually deteriorated and is now in an epoch of unprecedented economic depression. This is attributed to the everlasting effects of its oil era as well as the government's inability to control debt. On Thursday September 30'Th (1999) Ecuador became the first nation to default on its IMF loans know as the Brady Bonds. This is just the most recent example of how horrible the economic situation has become in Ecuador. The nation of 12 million people, described as a banana republic with an economy half the size of Maine (Keaveny, 1999), was not able to pay off approximately $98 million in debt. Ecuador's future does not look bright as economic mismanagement has made it nearly impossible to satisfy outstanding interest payments to U.S. backed creditors. Consequently, the primary effect of the 1970's is no longer regarded as an era of oil prosperity, but rather a time of rampant and ill advised economic moves by strong-arm military leaders. In order to take advantage of oil exportation they took huge loans to increase capitol and production. Many believe that the effects of these decisions are just beginning to rear their ugly heads. Through military of modernization Ecuador was able to pull itself out of the third world for the time being. However, between 1976 and 1980 it also increased its total external debt by a spectacular 67% annually (Clark 1997: 5), and has not proceeded to slow down. This coupled with the decline of oil prices (from $35 in 1979 to $10 a barrel in 1986) and the rise of real interest rates spelled its doom. In order to maintain national stability Ecuador has tried to induce a trade surplus in order to increase the flow of money into domestic markets, as well as taking many more loans from the IMF. However, there have not been nearly enough investments made into export goods such as shrimp and roses. Although these industries have grown as of late, the share of industry (which produces capital and surplus) in Ecuador's overall GDP has shrunk to a mere 7.3% after a continual decline through the 1980's (Bulmer-Thomas, 1994: 401). Plus there has been an extensive movement of capital flight. In other words: by 1994, wealthy Ecuadorian's had 13 times as much money invested outside of the country as they had in Ecuador (Clark 1997: 7). All these factors have culminated in a devaluation of currency (the sucre), a domestic bank crisis, skeptical world lenders, and a shady era of democracy. Ecuadorian politics have been no different than the rest of Latin America's. It too continues to struggle with national stability through constant changing military and democratic rule. Ecuador entered its period of 1970's under an authoritarian military government and prospered greatly because of this. The authoritarian power the military lead government had allowed it to smoothly carrying out policy after policy. In 1979 the military ended its rein of power in Ecuador, and has been ruled by a series of democratically elected governments since then. Many applauded this change for its positive effects. It has lead to a great increase in civil rights as well as popular indigenous participation. Education has continued to improve with a simultaneous increase in cultural pride, and so forth. Yet, this new form of rule has also brought about new evils. Democracy has made it almost impossible for leaders to pass laws or reforms aimed towards the lowering of debt. In other words, it has undermined the government's power to

Top 10 Facts About the Yucatan Peninsula

Top 10 Facts About the Yucatan Peninsula The Yucatan Peninsula is an area in southeastern Mexico that separates the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The peninsula itself is home to the Mexican nations of Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo. It also covers the northern parts of Belize and Guatemala. The Yucatan is known for its tropical rainforests and jungles, as well as its being the home of the ancient Maya people. Top 10 Geographic Facts The Yucatan Peninsula itself belongs to the Yucatan Platform - a large chunk of land that is partially submerged. The Yucatan Peninsula is the portion that is above the water.It is believed that the mass extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by an asteroid impact in the Caribbean. Scientists have discovered the large Chicxulub Crater just off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula and that, along with impact shocks shown on the Yucatans rocks, is likely to be evidence showing where the asteroid hit.The Yucatan Peninsula is a significant area for ancient Mayan culture as there are many different Mayan archaeological sites in the region. The most famous of these include Chichen Itza and Uxmal.Todays Yucatan Peninsula is still home to native Maya people as well as people of Mayan descent. Mayan languages are also still spoken in the area today.The Yucatan Peninsula is a karst landscape dominated by limestone bedrock. As a result, there is very little surface water (and the water that is pr esent is not usually suitable for drinking water) because drainage in these types of landscapes is underground. The Yucatan is thus covered with caves and sinkholes called Cenotes that were used by the Maya to access the groundwater. The climate of the Yucatan Peninsula is tropical and consists of wet and dry seasons. Winters are mild and summers can be very hot.The Yucatan Peninsula is located within the Atlantic Hurricane Belt which means it is vulnerable to hurricanes from June through November. The number of hurricanes that hit the peninsula vary but they are always a threat. In 2005, two category five hurricanes, Emily and Wilma, hit the peninsula and caused extreme damage.Historically, the Yucatans economy has been dependent on cattle ranching and logging. Since the 1970s though, the areas economy has focused on tourism. The two most popular cities are Cancun and Tulum, both of which attract millions of tourists yearly.The Yucatan Peninsula is home to many tropical rainforests and jungles and the area between Guatemala, Mexico, and Belize is the largest continuous area of tropical rainforest in Central America.The name Yucatan also includes the Yucatan state of Mexico that is located on the peninsula. It is a large state with an area of 14,827 square miles (38,402 sq km) and a 2005 population of 1,818,948 people. The capital of Yucatan is Merida. Sources Wikipedia. (20 June 2010). Yucatan - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.Wikipedia (17 June 2010). Yucatan Peninsula - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

The National Energy Program Revisited Research Paper

The National Energy Program Revisited - Research Paper Example The program also aimed at finding new sources of the Canadian gas and oil (Franà §ois 2006). Lastly, the program was aimed at increasing federal share on oil and gas revenues. This meant that the program was economic minded. To achieve these objectives, the program then introduced several rules, tax rates and several regulations including the petroleum compensation charge, which was imposed on the country’s domestic refiners (Robert, 2011). The Western provinces especially Alberta were not impressed by the program making the federal-provincial relations reach one of their lowest points. In other words, it meant that the program was not popular in the Western province thus Alberta which also produces most of the oil in Canada (Franà §ois 2006). With indications that the natural resources in the nation would fall constitutionally within the provincial jurisdiction domain, most of the Albertans felt that the program was a detrimental incursion by the federal government especially where province affairs are involved. To the Albertans, the program was perceived to be only benefiting the eastern provinces. Economically, the Western province felt that the program was sidelining it and instead favor other parts of the country. Furthermore, there were bankruptcies in the Western province as a result of the program. Businesses such as real estate performed poorly in not only Alberta but also other parts of the country and other petroleum exporting economies including the United States and Norway (Franà §ois 2006). This prospect weakened Alberta in terms of its economic dominance hence faulting the National Energy Program. Generally, the National Energy Program cultivated to federal deficits due to the substantial revenues increase from the gas and the oil sectors. At the same time, Western province GDP fell due to the

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Implementing an Electronic Health Record System

Implementing an Electronic Health Record System Implementing Electronic Health Record System Based on HL7 RIM -Reusing the RIM Model Archetypes Nancy Mittal Abstract: It is difficult to exchange healthcare information between different HealthCare Systems. Health Level Seven is a universal standard to facilitate the communication between different HealthCare Systems. Electronic Health Record System is a software platform that store patient health data which maintained by hospital and medical practice. Health Level 7 Reference Information Model was studied to provide the interoperability between different HealthCare Systems. In this paper, we studied about the various version of Health Level Seven standard including HL7 v2.x, HL7 v3.0, HL7 RIM. This paper focused on how the existing structure of HL7 is improved by reusing the HL7 RIM classes such as Act, Role, and Entity etc each are associated with set of attributes. It explains to modify the existing structure of HL7, need to modify the HL7 RIM because HL7 RIM model provide the structure of HL7. This paper also explained the role based queries are performed by the interested stakeholders like pati ents, doctors and hospitals. In this new structural form, role based information is maintained in the centralize database. This research fills the gap between skilled and semi-skilled users and query is performed on role base. Keywords: HL7, RIM, Role, Archetypes 1. Introduction: With the continuous development of health records, maintain and exchange the information in different HealthCare systems has become unavoidable. So, the communication between different hospitals or between different HealthCare system need to improved. Electronic Health Record is a repository of health information in a digital format about an individual patient or population managed by hospitals or medical practice that shared across different HealthCare Systems. It reduces the chances of data replication. More organizations adopt EHR; physicians, nurses and clinicians have greater access to patient information which helps in accurate diagnosis and complete data helps to ensure the best possible care. Electronic Health Record (EHR) system is needed to focus on two requirements: dynamic involvement of different hospitals, patients and HealthCare Systems And the way of maintaining the information. Standard compliant EHR provide facility of communication and to exchange information of patients between different hospitals, doctors, HealthCare systems. Each patient has his own queries respective to their role in the system. The query interface is designed to provide the effective knowledge among different kind of patients, hospitals. Health Level Seven: Heath Level Seven is a standard developing organisation accredited by ANSI (American National Standard Institute) founded in 1987. HL7[1] name refers the top layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) layer protocol for the health environment. HL7 specifies a number of various standards health information and also provide communication between different HealthCare System. Standard are the set of rules that allow information to be shared in standardized and reliable manner. HL7 messaging standard: There are two main HL7 messaging standard HL7 v2.x and HL7 v3.0. HL7 v2.x is also called as pipe hat. This standard provides the interoperability specification for health and medical transaction. HL7 v2.x message format are in human readable ASCII and non XML encoding syntax. It supports administrative, logistical, financial as well as clinical messages. HL7 v3.0 provides the interoperability specification for health and medical transaction based on RIM (Reference Information Model). HL7 v3.0 message format based on XML encoding syntax and also on HDF (formal methodology) and object oriented principle. It supports only clinical data. Movement from HL7 v2 to HL7 v3 is that v3 would be model driven methodology means v3 standard support healthcare workflows through modelling; the end result maximize reuse and increase consistency in HL7 specification. Another[2] HL7 v2.7 supports all HealthCare department data for exchange between different HealthCare systems. It reduces the custom interface programming. But it is not plug and play; and not support transaction processing feature. Table1.Difference between HL7 v2.x and HL7 v3.0 HL7 RIM[3] (Reference Information Model): The HL7 Reference Information Model provides the structural information of HL7 in the form of information classes. HL7 RIM is an object oriented model to make compatible the HL7 specification interoperability to all domains. It is important part of the HL7 v3.0 development model. It increases precision and reducing implementation costs. HL7 RIM is based on UML (Unified Modelling Language). Reference information model has five components: Subject Area (major part of am model), class (about which information is collected), Relationship (relation between classes), attribute (information about class), and data type (specification of the format of an attribute). RIM has six main important classes: Act- It represents actions that are executed by entity. Entity: These are the physical things that take part in health care. Role: Role that entity plays as they participate in health care Participation: It represent context for an act such as who perform, for whom and where. ActRelationship: It represents the relationship between actions. RoleLink: It represents the relationship between roles. 2. Related Work: Electronic health record system based on health level seven, and HL7 used to provide the communication between different HealthCare systems, most of the research studies show perplexing which is further discussed in this paper review. Tung Tran, Hwa-Sun Kim[[1]] studied the research on,†A Development of HL7 Middleware for Medical Device Communication† to developed HL7 compliant middleware. Researcher used HL7 as a middleware to facilitate data transfer to information system in hospitals. Middleware has capability of receiving data from monitoring device and converting into HL7 data type format. It receive raw data from medical devices and convert to HL7 data and passed to HIS based on HL7 interface engine. Li-Fan Ko, Jen-Chiun Lin, Chi-Huang Chen, Jie-Sheng Chang, Faipei Lai[[2]] concluded the research on,†HL7 Middleware Framework for Healthcare Information System. Researchers introduce HL7 and web services standard into framework which is basically Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). HL7 directly transmitted data over transport layer protocol TCP/IP: for small application HL7 message over TCP are simple and easy to implement; for larger application, system become complex and attacker increases. This research solved that problem by introducing web services which provide interoperation between software systems. Jennifer Munnelly[[3]] in his research study on, HL7 Healthcare Information Management Using Aspect-Oriented Programming focused the modification in application department without the requirement modification into complete structure by using HL7.Researcher suggested introduce HL7 functionality into exiting application without any modification through AOP. Wooshik Kim[[4]] studied the research on, Integration of IEEE 1451 and HL7 Exchanging Information for Patients’ Sensor Data showed the IEEE 1451 concerned with smart transducer and having plug –play capabilities. Patients wear sensors that measure the patient’s status in real time and transmitted these data to remote sites such as hospital. HL7 accepted this kind of data and interpreted with various online sensor data. Pasquale De Meo[[5]] studied on, Integration of the HL7 Standard in a Multiagent System to Support Personalized Access to e-Health Services. In this paper, he presented a system which has multi agents to maintain patients in seek of health related services in e-health care by using various algorithms PPB, DS-PPB, AB. This proposed system increases the quality service and effectiveness. Maqbool Hussain[[6]] concluded his research on, Healthcare Applications Interoperability through Implementation of HL7 Web Service Basic Profile studied all phases of web service component that implement HL7 Web Service Basic Profile. It is branch of the transportation subsystem progressed at NUST School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pakistan. Naeem Khalid Janjua[[7]] in research study presented work on, Digital Health Care Ecosystem: SOA Compliant HL7 based Health Care Information Interchange and proposed Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based HL7 system design for patient information and showed the translation from HL7 V2 to V3 and mapping between database and user query. Sara Gaion[[8]] researched on, Design of a Domain Model for Clinical Engineering within the HL7 Reference Information Model. This paper develop a DIM (Domain Information Model) by providing the HL7 RIM to clinical engineering in a particular domain. This paper represent clinical engineering information in the HL7 RIM (Reference Information Model) with the reason of developing a HL7 v3 RIM model based on DIM (Domain Information Model) dedicated to CE(Clinical Engineering) by reuse of standard healthcare information models and show the process of repairing and maintenance of device used in hospital. N.A. Mamani Macedo[[9]] studied the research on, Electronic Health Record: Comparative Analysis of HL7 and Open EHR Approaches. This paper showed the comparison between HL7 and openEHR to automatism a Patient’s Record in any hospital which adopted: HL7 and OpenEHR. The method includes analyzing each way, defining some criteria of evaluation, design a comparative chart. 3. Design model: The work is defined with the specification of the hospital and the relative attributes and the functional specification. It defines the role and requirement to specify the functional dependencies and its requirements. The role is defined for all the interested patients and hospitals and all interested users are connected to it along with their specified roles. The hospital is responsible for the information updating as well as to generate the query that queried by patients to obtain the information access about the patient, disease or diagnose. Complete information is defined in the form of centralized repository. Model is in the form of a query interface in which the communication to the system and different hospitals maintain the information in different way so that the mapping is required between the query set and the hospitals. To establish this mapping, the structural constructs for the system are defined so that the functional based information transition will be take place. Steps in implementation model First step is role identification and analysis: Users in this system are patients and hospitals(health organization). Role is defined for all the interested users ,patients and hospitals and they are coonnected to it along with their hospitals. Second step is role specific query generation: Hospitals is reasponsible for the information updating as wel as to generate the query that queried by patients to obtain the information access about the patient,disease and diagnose. Third step is query filteration and mapping done by RIM model: Complete information is defined in the form of centralized dataset.Model in the form of query interface in which the communication to the system and diff hospitals maintain the information in diff way. So that mapping is required between query set and hospitals. Last step query result are extraced. 4. Conclusion: In changing the structure of HL7 and increasing the reusability over existing HL7 RIM model by reuse the RIM model archetypes. HL7 standard facilitate to exchange and sharing the healthcare information among different hospitals or in between different healthcare systems. We concluded that we extract the existing HL7 RIM model and improve the reusability over existing model by reusing the classes of RIM model and implement the user interface to accept request from different users and process the role base Queries. References: [1] Health Level Seven (HL7), http://www.hl7.org. [2] Explorative study of healthcare data Interchange standards [3]http://www.openhre.org/local/rim202/rim.htm#Acts-sbj [[1]] Tung, Kim, Cho,† A Development of HL7 Middleware for Medical Device Communication†, Fifth International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications [[2]] Li-Fan Ko, Jen-Chiun Lin, Chi-Huang Chen, Jie-Sheng Chang, Faipei Lai,† HL7 Middleware Framework for Healthcare Information System†. Basically framework is service oriented architecture (SOA)†. [[3]] Jennifer Munnelly, HL7 Healthcare Information Management Using Aspect-Oriented Programming, International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, pp 1 – 4 ¸2009 [[4]] Wooshik Kim, Integration of IEEE 1451 and HL7 Exchanging Information for Patients’ Sensor Data, J Med Syst, pp 1033–1041, 2010 [[5]] Pasquale De Meo, Integration of the HL7 Standard in a Multiagent System to Support Personalized Access to e-Health Services, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, pp 1244 1260, 2011 [[6]] Maqbool Hussain, Healthcare Applications Interoperability through Implementation of HL7 Web Service Basic Profile, Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, pp 308 313 ¸2009 [[7]][7] Naeem Khalid Janjua, Digital Health Care Ecosystem: SOA Compliant HL7 based Health Care Information Interchange, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, pp 329 – 334, 2009 [[8]] [8] Sara Gaion, Design of a Domain Model for Clinical Engineering within the HL7 Reference Information Model, IEEE Workshop on Health Care Management, pp 1 6 , 2010 [[9]] N.A. Mamani Macedo, Electronic Health Record: Comparative Analysis of HL7 and Open EHR Approaches, Pan American Health Care Exchange, pp 105 – 110, 2010